Considering the climate, soil and landform characteristics of tropical area, agricultural development direction and other conditions, the authors explore the land consolidation mode of tropical platform area in Hainan Province based on the analysis of cultivated land consolidation potential. There are four types of land consolidation, the modern agriculture pattern in eastern area, the agricultural tourism integration pattern in southern area, the ecological regulation pattern in western area and the high yield and high efficiency renovation pattern in northern area. Then, the characteristics, potential, the focus of land consolidation direction and key technology of each pattern are analyzed. Combined with the construction of Hainan international tourism island, this paper explores the ecological design modes and scheme of land consolidation project in tropical platform area based on the existing design in land consolidation project, including the design modes of plots, road, irrigation canals and ditches, to meet the climate and landform characteristics of tropical area. The research can provide a scientific basis for the planning and design modes of land consolidation in tropical platform area.

This study takes the three industries and the internal structure of tertiary industry in ecological conservation development area of Beijing from 2005 to 2012 as the research object, using shift-share analysis method, comprehensively analyses of the development of industry share deviates from the components, structure deviation and competitiveness deviation component, provides some reference for choosing the leading industry in ecological conservation development area and the adjustment of industrial structure. The results shows that the first industry in ecological conservation development area has a certain but small amount competitiveness, cannot effectively promote economic development of the whole area; the second industry growth in ecological conservation development area is slower than the average level in Beijing, and does not have the competitive advantage; the total deviation vector of the third industry presents the obvious rise, and accelerates the development trend, which is the main force of the regional economic development in the future. In potential leading industry selection for districts and counties, Mentougou District takes the culture, sports and entertainment industry, and finance industry as leading industries, Huairou District takes the information transmission, computer services and software industry as the leading industry, Pinggu District takes the culture, sports and entertainment industry as leading industry, in the present stage of the third industry in Miyun County has not meet the requirements of the industry, and the estate industry is the leading industry for Yanqing County. Comprehensive tourism is suitable for the dominant industry of ecological conservation development area, and is also in line with the industry development present situation and future development direction. That can effectively promote regional economic development.

Cased in 13 districts of Beijing, the paper gives a systematic analysis on the space-time differentiation of rural territorial multifunction about five functions such as economic development, agricultural production, social security, ecological services and tourism and leisure, and discusses the function orientation in the future. The results show that the distribution of rural regional function is obviously different. The economic development and social security function mainly locate in suburban plains, agricultural production function nearly locates in outer suburb, and ecological service function and leisure tourism function focus on the exurban mountain. Influenced by economic development, geographical location, terrain conditions, related policy and so on, the differences of the spatial interval development of function degree obviously exist among the three regions of suburban plains, outer suburbs plain and exurban mountains. In the future, combined with current development and differentiation of various district, government should give a proper arrangement to develop the rural territorial multifunction of the 13 districts comprehensively and coordinately.

Based on research progress on economic value of ecosystem services, taking the plain afforestation data in Beijing as the study area, this paper explores the ecosystem service value evaluation of the 6.67×104 hm2 plain afforestation area. Shadow engineering method, opportunity cost method and opportunity cost method are used. The results show that, the total plain afforestation ecosystem service value is about 325.89×108Yuan. The importance of each ecological service function, in descending order: climate regulation function, air purification function, function of fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, solid soil fertilizer function, reduce the noise function, the function of water conservation. The results provide reference for further promoting the Beijing plain afforestation project construction and the ecological compensation policy and determine the ecological compensation standard.

Taking Nanlv land consolidation project in Tunchang County of Hainan Province as an example, the authors explored the method based on analysis of landscape pattern and restrictive factors. Firstly, the landscape pattern of landscape scale and type scale is analyzed by ArcGIS and FRAGSTAS. Then, using the units of agricultural land classification as the unit of analysis, the restrictive factors are analyzed by the method of combination of grading factors. The combination types of grading factors and their restrictive degree of each unit is gotten. Lastly, based on the result of analysis of landscape pattern and restrictive factors, planning and design modes of land consolidation are proposed. Among them, the spatial layout planning is to determine the pattern of land use of the land consolidation project, including the spatial location and quantity ratio, and the position of the land consolidation project. The ecological design of land consolidation is to design the land types and land consolidation project based on ecological protection, including the plots, field roads, the irrigation canals and ditches. The research can provide a scientific basis for the planning and design modes of land consolidation in tropical plateau area.

The LMDI technique and decomposition method are used to study the contribution of factors to grain production change based on grain production calculating model in Henan from 1980 to 2010. The growth of grain production is decomposed into four effects, including cultivated land area, multiple-cropping index, grain farming index and grain yield per hectare, and then accumulated effect of each factor is explored. Firstly, grain production increases by 54.371 million ton from 1980 to 2010. It is estimated that the accumulated contribution values of cultivated land area, multiple-cropping index, grain farming index and grain yield per hectare at province level are -1.754 million, 11.657 million, -5.734 million and 28.716 million ton, respectively. Grain yield per hectare is the dominant contributor to total grain increment, and multiple-cropping index is second. Secondly, at prefecture-city level, the effect of grain yield per hectare and multiple-cropping index is positive, while the other two factors in most of prefecture cities are negative. Thirdly, the pattern “high in the eastern while low in the western” of grain production at county level in Henan is very evident, and there are obvious differences among accumulated effects of the four factors. Overall, multiple-cropping index and grain yield per hectare result in remarkable grain increment in eastern Henan. Aiming at steady and continuous increase in grain production, some work such as cultivated land protection mechanism to increase grain sowing area, investment policy of agricultural infrastructure and optimization of agricultural inputs to improve grain yield per hectare should be enhanced.

A comprehensive evaluation of land use ecosystem service value is brought out. Based on the evaluation, the land classification of ecological function importance is explored. Firstly, the main land use types in Beijing are determined with 9 first types and 15 sub-types, then the basic ecosystem service value of each type is determined. Secondly, the factors including natural, location and humanistic conditions are chosen to evaluate the ecological environment and divide Beijing into 4 ecological zones. Thirdly, the land use ecosystem service value is corrected by the ecological environment indexes of each ecological zone and the land classification of ecological function importance is figured out with the clustering method by their ecosystem service value. In the end, the comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the current land utilization maps of Beijing in 1993, 2001 and 2007, and the distribution maps of ecosystem service value in per unit area and land classification of ecological function importance are obtained, so the changing situation of ecosystem service value and each type of land classification of ecological function importance in Beijing are analyzed according to the result. It shows that, the total ecosystem service value of Beijing decreases from 1993 to 2007 and that of ecological zone decreases except one zone. The grade of land classification of ecological function importance is decreasing from central city to suburb and the grade in northwest is higher than that of southeast. The area of the first class, the second class and the sixth class increases, while the area of the third class, the fourth class and the fifth class decreases from 1993 to 2007.

Taking Shouguang City in Shandong Province as a case study, this paper explores the cultivated land quality evaluation based on raster data in coastal vegetable production area. Evaluation factors are chosen by Delphi approach and their weights are determined by AHP method, consequently, comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the cultivated land evaluation and the grades of cultivated land quality are classified by fuzzy discrimination method based on 50 m ×50 m raster data. The result shows that, the cultivated land quality in Shouguang City is good in general with area of the first and the second grades 54. 76% of the total area, the third and the fourth grades 37. 07% , and the fifth and the sixth grades only 8. 16% of the total area. Cultivated land quality grades have an obvious positive correlation with the intensification of cultivated land use according to their gradual spatial transition from northern coastal area to southern area. This study explores the technical methods of the land quality evaluation based on raster data in coastal vegetable production area and has noticeable significance to the sustainable use of cultivated land resources in intensive agricultural area. Besides, some utilization suggestion is brought out for each grade of cultivated land quality.